![]() Further studies are recommended to examine this association. Taken together, this suggests if there is a possible association between blood type and increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and severity of COVID19, that this association may be linked to genetic susceptibility to inflammation associated with lower AP levels and blood type. Notably, AP expression has been reported to be reduced in obesity and diabetes. In addition to reducing inflammation, AP has been hypothesized to play a role in immune response, as well as decreasing coagulation activation 4,5]. ![]() Data from several animal and human studies have further demonstrated that AP may be protective against systemic inflammation by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and its translocation into the nucleus, thus preventing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. It has been reported that individuals with blood group O have higher levels of the protein alkaline phosphatase (AP) than in A- and AB-individuals. However, their data did not provide strong evidence of associations between blood type and intubation or death among patients with COVID-19. The authors pooled their findings with data from China and the United Kingdom and found that among those with Rh positive blood, people with type B were more likely to test positive for SARS-CoV-2, and people with type O were less likely to test positive. The authors used data from 7770 individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2, 2206 of whom were positive for the virus, in the New York Presbyterian hospital system. Research published in April and updated in July, but not yet peer-reviewed, agreed in part with the findings of Latz and colleagues. However, multivariate analysis found that people who were Rh positive were more likely to test positive than people who were Rh negative, and those with B or AB blood were more likely to test positive than those with type O blood. The researchers found no significant connection between blood type and COVID-19–related hospitalization, intubation, or death. He and his coauthors focused on 1289 people who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 throughout the Mass General Brigham system from March 6 to April 16 and had a known blood type. Spurred by the earlier research from China, Latz and his coauthors in July reported in the Annals of Hematology that they found no relationship between severe COVID-19 and blood type. One of those stretches of DNA happens to carry the gene that determines blood type, and the study found that, compared with people with other blood types, those with type A had a 45% higher risk of developing severe COVID-19 if infected, whereas those with type O had a 35% lower risk. The researchers found that gene variants in 2 regions of the human genome were associated with severe COVID-19 and a greater risk of dying from it. In June, a group of scientists from Europe and Australia reported the results of a study comparing genome data from 1610 patients with severe COVID- healthy blood donors. Some researchers have picked up the gauntlet laid down by the researchers in China, but their findings haven’t been consistent. Although preliminary, they said they hoped their finding would encourage further investigation. The researchers found that type O blood was associated with a lower risk for COVID-19, while type A blood was associated with a higher risk. They compared the ABO blood group distribution in 2173 patients with COVID-19 from 3 hospitals in Wuhan and Shenzhen, China, with that in the general population in those regions. In a 2005 research letter in JAMA, the researchers reported that the health care professionals with type O blood were less likely to have become infected than those with other blood types.įifteen years later, in an article that wasn’t peer-reviewed, scientists in China reported similar associations between blood type and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Of the 45, 34 had serologically confirmed SARS-CoV. Spurred by the research linking blood type to susceptibility to the norovirus and H pylori infections, Hong Kong scientists looked for a link between blood type and SARS-CoV infection in 45 physicians, nurses, medical students, and allied health staff who had been exposed to an infected patient. The first inkling of an association between blood type and coronavirus infection came during the outbreak of the first severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), which began in late 2002.
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